The 
ILWU was   accused of engaging in a slowdown of work on docks in 2002, as an alternative to   a strike, to support its contract demands in negotiations with the Pacific   Maritime Association. The union has documented that productivity was in fact   stable at that time, while the employer claims to have contradictory data. The   employers responded to the slowdown with a lockout, disallowing the workers to   do their jobs. The Bush administration sought a national emergency injunction   under the 
Taft-Hartley Act against both the employers and the union. Opponents of the union have   proposed moving longshore workers from coverage under the 
National   Labor Relations Act to coverage under the 
Railway Labor Act, which would   effectively prevent longshore workers from striking.
 
                                        
                                          The Longshore Contract that resulted from 2002 negotiations expired on   July 1, 2008. The ILWU and the 
PMA reached a tentative   agreement for a new 6-year Longshore Contract on July 29, 2008. The ILWU   membership voted overwhelmingly to approve the new contract.
 
                                         
                                        The ILWU Foremen's union began December 2, 1948, when Harry Bridges   granted our charter to supervise the Longshoremen.
                                        
                                         
                                        The Foremen shall be responsible to management for the   direction of work, supervision and maintenance of discipline on the job of the   men employed under the Pacific Coast Longshore   Contract Document, including placing and discharging of men and regulating the   safe, efficient, and proper handling of cargo with   due respect to the interest of his Employer.   
                                         
                                        
                                             Foremen shall be employed to supervise   longshoremen employed for the purpose of setting up, breaking down or shifting   high piles, or otherwise   fulfilling the   requirements for the
 last place of rest under the terms of the current   Pacific Coast Longshore Contract Document.
                                        
Foremen shall work as directed by their employer,   and shall supervise such longshore operations on more than one location, and at   more than one berth within each terminal complex area   if such supervision becomes necessary through operational needs.
                                         
                                          The dock Foremen assigned to a vessel will be   required to supervise the longshoremen assigned to that vessel on all operations   involving cargo moving to or from the vessel to which   he is assigned, and other cargo operations within the area in which the vessel   is working, including adjacent berths.  Foremen shall   not supervise both ship and dock operations simultaneously, with the exceptions   of stores jobs, bulk jobs to and from pipe lines, and jobs on which no dockmen   are working.